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To solve this problem, we need to write a function that finds the maximum value in a list of integers. The solution involves iterating through the list and keeping track of the highest value encountered.

Approach

The approach to solve this problem is as follows:

1. Check for Empty List: If the input list is empty, raise a ValueError since there is no maximum value in an empty list.
2. Initialize Maximum Value: Start with the first element of the list as the initial maximum value.
3. Iterate Through Remaining Elements: For each subsequent element in the list, compare it with the current maximum value. If the element is greater than the current maximum, update the maximum value.
4. Return Result: After processing all elements, return the maximum value found.

Solution Code

def find_max(lst):
    if not lst:
        raise ValueError("List is empty")
    max_val = lst[0]
    for num in lst[1:]:
        if num > max_val:
            max_val = num
    return max_val

Explanation

• Empty List Check: The condition if not lst checks if the list is empty. If true, it raises an error to handle the edge case of no elements.
• Initialization: max_val is set to the first element of the list because we need a starting point for comparn.
• Iteration: The loop runs from the second element to the end of the list. For each element, it checks if the element is larger than the current max_val. If yes, max_val is updated to this element.
• Result: The loop completes after checking all elements, and the final max_val (the largest element) is returned.

This approach efficiently finds the maximum value with a time complexity of O(n), where n is the number of elements in the list, since we iterate through the list exactly once. The space complexity is O(1) as we only use a constant amount of extra space.

Examples:

• find_max([1, 3, 2]) → returns 3
• find_max([-5, -3, -10]) → returns -3
• find_max([7]) → returns 7
• find_max([]) → raises ValueError: List is empty

This solution handles all edge cases and works for both positive and negative integers. It is optimal and easy to understand.

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